Engineer s wrench



(No Model.)

D. H. CARPENTER.

. v ENGINEERS WRENCH. No. 463,137.

Patented Nov. 17,1891.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL II. CARPENTER, OF ORLANDO, FLORIDA.

ENGINEERS WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 463,137, dated November 17, 1891.

Application filed July 18, 1891.

To aZ Z'wh0m it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL H. CARPENTER,

-a citizen of the United States, residing at Oract description.

This invention is in the nature ofa further illustration of the principle of the invention forming the subject of my United States Patent No. 446,324, dated February 10, 1891, and my British Patent No. 2,450 of the same date.

The object of the invention is to embody in an engineers or machine wrench the principle contained in the inventions of the aforementioned patents, to wit: a jaw having a transverse notch or groove to engage the sides of the nut adjacent to its angles, and a rest to receive an oblique side to grasp the nut and permit it to be turned and then to be re-engaged at other points without bodily removing the wrench and without wearing off the corners of the nut. In the present form of the wrench both the jaw and the rest are fixed and are adapted to receive and act upon a number of sizes of square or polygonal nuts, the jaw and the rest forming an elliptical opening, although one side may be made straight.

I will describe the principle of my invention as applied to engineers, track, and S wrenches, and the best mode in whichlhave contemplated applying that principle, and will then particularly point out and distinctly claim the part or improvement which I claim as my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, in the several figures of which like parts are similarly designated, Figure l is a plan view showing a square nut in one month and in two positions therein and a hexagonal nut in the other, and Fig. 2 is an edge view of the engineers wrench. Fig. 3 is a plan of the track-wrench, showing in full and broken lines the two positions in which the nut may be engaged and also showingin dotted linesa smaller nutin engagement with the inner notch to illustrate the capacity of the Wrench to engage a smaller nut; and Figs. 4 and 5 show in plan views the S-wrench in Serial No. 899,934. (No model.)

thetwo positions in which it may be used on a hexagonal nut.

In the wrench shown in Figs. 1 and 2 there is ahand-piece a, at each end of which a jaw Z) and a companion rest a are arranged. These jaws and rests constitute mouths cliffering only in size, and hence in adaptability to nuts of different sizes. Each of the jaws b is shown, as described, on an arc whose center is outside of or beyond the wrench, and which, it continued, would approach or meet a continuation of the line of the rests, and thesejaws are provided with transverse curvilinear notches or grooves d in any desired number. These notches or grooves are of such size, depth, and arrangement that their adjacent edges will engage the sides of a se ries of nuts adjacent to their angles when an oblique side of such nuts is supported upon the rest, the calculations being based upon standard sizes of nuts, and the wrench shown in these Figs. 1 and 2 is adapted to operate upon nuts ranging from one-half inch to one inch. The rest 0 has the bearing-surface e, which may be designated generally as convex, as opposed to a concave jaw, although it is within my invention to make either the jaw or rest straight, and in that event the op posite member, if it be the jaw, will be concave, or if it be the rest it will be convex. The throat f in any case will be curvilinear and of considerable width and depth in order to take the various sizes of nuts. This double ended wrench is useful for a variety of purposes. Its jaw and rest are designed also for bridge-work; but for large wrenches I prefer to use only one jaw and rest and apply thereto a wooden handle, substantially as in the trackwrench next to be described.

In the track-wrench, Fig. 3, the jaw and rest are farther apart than in the engineers wrench, and, moreover, the convergence of the jaw and rest are more pronounced. The throat may have in addition the fiat surface g to bear against the side of a nut which is engaged by the inner notch. This wrench is made with a socket h to receive a wooden handle '5. The socket may have the core-outletj for casting purposes. A very important feature of this track-wrench, in addition. to its capacity of use upon different sizes of nuts,

- the jaw, rest, and throat.

In the S-wrench the jaw, rest, and throat follow closely the lines of the track-wrench and have a similar double action, as indicated by the two positions shown, respectively, in Figs. 4 and 5; but the notches may be spaced more widely and the surface 7t between them may be re-entrant and fiat. This wrench is equally applicable upon square and polygonal nuts and upon nuts of different sizes.

In all these forms of wrenches the nose Z of the rest is rounded outwardly and away from the jaw, so as to give clearance for the nut in revolving the wrench about the nut in order to get a fresh hold without wholly taking off the wrench from the nut.

My wrench may be cast, d rop-forged, or otherwise produced.

In operation the nut is grasped obliquely, the wrench rotated, and when a fresh grip is required, instead of removing the wrench, it is simply slipped back to another corner.

The best engineers wrenches are'now made with the handle on such an angle that after turning a square nut an eighth of a revolution the wrench can be removed, turned over, and another eighth-turn be given, thus enabling the operator to get into very narrow places. By means of my S-wrench I can get into as narrow places, and besides do not have to take off or reverse my Wrench, but simply rotate it about the nut, so as to move its inner notch into engagement with the nut, and thus my wrench is capable of more rapid action than the old, and in addition possesses the merit of not injuring or defacing the corners of the nut.

Although the hexagonal nut isniuch superior, especially in narrow limits, still the square nut is largely used, and especially in the smaller sizes, because of the tendency of the common wrenches to wear and round off the corners. IVith my manner. of gripping the nut, so as to avoid thrust or bearing upon the corners, and placing this thrust or bearing directly on the flat sides, I can use my wrench on hexagonal nuts of all sizes equally well, and the wrenchs action will be short and rapid, its hold or grip on the nut retained, and the corners will not be rounded or worn off.

\Vhat I claim is 1. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with transverse curvilinear notches or grooves to engage square or polygonal nuts of different sizes on the sides of their angles or corners, an opposed fixed rest having a plain surface and convergent toward the jaw to engage the nut on a side oblique to the corner engaged by the jaw, and a curved intervening throat of a height sufficient to enable the wrench to be rotated about the nut to obtain a fresh hold on the same without removal from the nut, and from which throat the jaw and rest diverge, substantially as described.

2. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with transverse curvilinear notchesorgrooves,

a fixed rest, and a connecting deep throat of a height sufficient to enable the wrench to be rotated about the nut to obtain a fresh hold DANIEL H. CARPENTER.

itnesses:

M. M. FRANCE, GEORGE KLINKHART. 

